Scrupulous adherence to separation of powers

ANY form of governance, from the primitive to the contemporary, will have as its core components the legislative, executive and judiciary. In a primitive society, these components may not be clearly designated and may be entrusted to or arrogated by one man such as the shaman. In a slightly progressive society, there may be a council of elders.

Traditional Islamic governance during the time of the Prophet and subsequent caliphates incorporated the core elements of governance in the Majlis ash-Shura, which advised the caliph who governed by the tenets of the Quran.