Indonesian presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto greets supporters during his campaign rally in Malang, East Java, Indonesia Thursday, Feb. 1, 2024. Indonesians on Wednesday, Feb. 14, 2024 will elect the successor to popular President Joko Widodo, who is serving his second and final term. It is a three-way race for the presidency among current Defense Minister Prabowo Subianto and two former governors, Anies Baswedan and Ganjar Pranowo. - AP
JAKARTA (Bloomberg): Days before Indonesians vote for their first new president in a decade, opinion polls favor an ex-general bent on continuing an economic strategy anchored on business ties to China while vowing to sustain a more neutral foreign policy stance between Washington and Beijing.
As the front-runner in the Feb. 14 election, Defence Minister Prabowo Subianto has pledged to build on the business-friendly policies of President Joko Widodo, which includes a more than eight-fold increase in Chinese foreign investment over his 10 years in office.
"Chinese companies are likely to benefit the most given the positive economic relations that Jokowi has established with Beijing,” said Dedi Dinarto, lead Indonesia analyst at the policy advisory firm Global Counsel, using a popular nickname for the president. Those ties "are likely to continue under Prabowo,” he added.
Many South-East Asian nations find themselves juggling their economic dependence on China with security concerns that favor a more nuanced approach to Beijing and the West.
But Indonesia, a country of more than 270 million people with the world’s biggest Muslim population, sees itself as a rising middle power capable of effectively managing that dichotomy.
When Jokowi took office in 2014, he set out on an ambitious economic and infrastructure agenda which, along with the passage of key business reforms, saw Indonesia grow at an average pace of 5% a year. In that time, China became one of its top sources of foreign direct investment, totaling $7.4 billion last year, according to government data. By comparison, FDI from the US stood at $3.28 billion.
The investment included Beijing helping build the region’s first high-speed rail line in Indonesia under the Belt and Road Initiative, with the project coming on line last year. Indonesia also benefits as China’s largest supplier of nickel sulfate.
Economic continuity has been central to Prabowo’s campaign pledge, and in a move that drew criticism from some of the president’s allies, he has Jokowi’s son, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, as his vice presidential candidate. Surveys show the ticket could reach the 50% threshold required to win in the first round.
Controversial Statements
The other presidential candidates - former Central Java Governor Ganjar Pranowo and former Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan - have signalled more wariness of the country’s dependence on China, but analysts say it’s unlikely foreign policy will change much regardless of who wins.
Whoever wins "will inherit the same set of structural problems and opportunities,” said Evan Laksmana, senior fellow for Southeast Asia military modernization at the International Institute for Strategic Studies.
One risk for Indonesia’s diplomats could be Prabowo’s shoot-from-the-hip style in speaking out on controversial subjects.
Last year during a trip to Singapore, he proposed a peace plan to end the conflict between Russia and Ukraine - one that favored Russia - that appeared to surprise the rest of Indonesia’s government, was ridiculed by most Western observers and left the Ukrainians fuming.
Middle Path
Prabowo also lashed out against western double standards during a forum in November and responded to an Italian diplomat’s question about the European Union by saying there’s been a shift in the world and "now we don’t really need Europe anymore.”
Singapore’s late founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew in his memoirs characterized Prabowo being "quick but inappropriate in his outspokenness.”
Yet as defense minister, Prabowo frequently sought a middle path in the geopolitical contest between the US and China, two countries he refers to as good friends. Analysts say that’s the approach he’ll likely keep if he wins his way into the Istana Merdeka, Indonesia’s presidential palace.
"From a foreign policy standpoint it’s a toss up,” said Laksmana. "You might see something you like one day and then something you don’t on another. With Prabowo, what you get is unpredictability rather than a net win for either the US or China.”
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