Unintended consequences: A worker producing solar photovoltaic modules in Huaian, China. Some provinces have introduced negative pricing on solar power generation. — AFP
Beijing: China’s solar market is growing faster than its power system can handle in some places, creating constraints that could slow its world-leading pace of clean energy installations.
Several local governments in China have begun limiting solar capacity and lowering power rates for daytime hours when photovoltaic generation is at its highest.
The constraints are surfacing amid an unprecedented solar building boom, and highlight the problems electricity grids face in digesting large volumes of clean energy that are available for a few hours a day.
China is on track to add about 210 gigawatts of solar panels this year, according to BloombergNEF, more than the United States has ever built and enough to power Britain twice over.
But grid constraints are likely to slow that pace from next year, according to Zhong Baoshen, chairman of the world’s largest solar manufacturer, Longi Green Energy Technology Co.
“Given the fast growth this year, grid constraints will keep popping up,” Zhong said during an earnings briefing on Tuesday.
“The domestic market’s growth rate will slow next year and the year after, mainly because of the mismatch between the grid and renewables.”
The main culprit is a surge in installations on rooftops of homes and businesses driven by government support and attractive economics.
That’s created too much generation in the middle of the day in provinces like Shandong, where the grid has been forced to introduce negative prices and ask owners to unplug their panels to avoid being overwhelmed.
As installations grow, those problems are spreading. Ten of China’s 31 provinces have now introduced lower power rates during the middle of the day, Morgan Stanley analysts including Simon Lee said in a research note on Monday.
In Shandong and Hebei, another strong rooftop market, local governments have capped solar capacity at 80% of what local transformers can handle, the analysts said.
While lower rates benefit households and industry, solar developers get paid less for the energy they generate, which affects their incentives to invest.
Although spending on energy storage to mitigate renewable energy’s intermittency is also growing, it’s nowhere near the pace of solar’s expansion.
China has 17 gigawatts of grid-scale batteries in place, and local governments have signalled that level could more than quadruple to 73 gigawatts by 2025.
But that pales besides the 1,135 gigawatts of solar BloombergNEF expects the country to have by then.
“Solar is completely destabilising the system in some places,” said Cosimo Ries, a Shanghai-based analyst at Trivium China. — Bloomberg
