The architecture of modern schools in Malaysia has predominantly followed the factory school model, which is widely adopted in many developing countries. While this model is efficient in producing a workforce to meet the demands of growing industries, it comes at the cost of creating disengaging, uninspiring educational environments.
Moreover, many national schools are optimised for function and cost, yet these mass-produced buildings lack soul and character. They fail to evoke a sense of ownership, community and responsibility, which are essential for fostering pro-social behaviours within the school environment.