From left: COP16 executive secretary David Cooper; Colombian Environment Minister and COP16 President Susana Muhamad; and COP16 secretary Astrid Schomaker attend the last plenary session of the United Nations COP16 biodiversity summit in Cali, Colombia on Nov. 2, 2024. (AFP/Joaquin Sarmiento)
Cali (Colombia): The world’s biggest nature conservation conference closed in Colombia last Saturday with no agreement on a roadmap to ramp up funding for species protection.
With other successes under its belt, the 16th Conference of Parties (COP16) to the United Nations’ (UN) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was suspended by its president Susana Muhamad as negotiations ran almost 12 hours longer than planned and delegates started leaving to catch flights.
The exodus left the summit without a quorum for decision-making, but CBD spokesman David Ainsworth told AFP it will resume at a later date to consider outstanding issues.
“We will continue working because this crisis is too big and we cannot stop,” Muhamad said after declaring the Cali COP closed.
The conference, the biggest meeting of its kind yet with around 23,000 registered delegates, was tasked with assessing, and ramping up, progress toward reaching 23 targets set in Canada two years ago to halt humankind’s rapacious destruction of nature’s bounty by 2030.
They include placing 30% of land and sea areas under protection and 30% of degraded ecosystems under restoration by 2030, reducing pollution, and phasing out agricultural and other subsidies harmful to nature.
For this purpose, it was agreed in 2022 that US$200bil per year be made available to protect biodiversity by 2030.
This will include the transfer of US$30bil per year from rich to poor nations.
The total for 2022 was about US$15bil, according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development or OECD.
On top of that, nations have pledged about US$400mil to a Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF) created last year to meet the UN targets.
In Cali, negotiators were split largely between poor and rich country blocs as they haggled over increased funding and other commitments.
The biggest ask from the summit – to lay out a detailed funding plan – turned out to be a bridge too far.
Muhamad, Colombia’s environment minister, had offered a draft text proposing the creation of a dedicated biodiversity fund. This, however, was rejected by the European Union, Switzerland and Japan.
Developing nations had insisted on the creation of a new fund. They said they were not adequately represented in existing mechanisms including the GBFF, which they said were also too onerous.
The lack of agreement is “a negative signal that will have repercussions on the other environmental negotiations at the end of the year.
“This is because it reveals a deep disagreement on the technical possibility of making transfers between the Global North and South,” said Sebastien Treyer, of the French think tank Iddri.
The meeting did manage to coalesce around the creation of a fund to share the profits of digitally sequenced genetic data taken from plants and animals with the communities they come from.
Such data, much of it from species found in poor countries, is notably used in medicines and cosmetics that can make their developers billions, very little of which ever trickles back down.
The Cali agreement determines that genetic data users whose income exceeds a certain threshold should contribute one percent of profits or 0.1% of revenue to the new fund.
This is potentially worth billions of dollars per year.
Delegates also approved the creation of a permanent body to represent the interests of Indigenous people under the UN’s Convention on Biological Diversity.
Representatives of indigenous peoples, many in traditional dress and headgear, broke out in cheers and chants as the agreement was gavelled through.
But the talks on biodiversity funding stumbled even as new research presented to coincide with COP16 showed that more than a quarter of assessed plants and animals were now at risk of extinction.
Only 17.6% of land and inland waters, and 8.4% of the ocean and coastal areas, are estimated to be protected and conserved.
Observers welcomed the summit’s advances on indigenous representation and gene profit sharing, but lamented the funding deadlock.
“Governments in Cali put forward plans to protect nature but were unable to mobilise the money to actually do it,” said An Lambrechts, the head of Greenpeace’s COP16 delegation.
“Biodiversity finance remains stalled after a deafening absence of credible finance pledges from wealthy governments and unprecedented corporate lobbying.”
The meeting was held amid a massive security deployment following threats from a Colombian guerrilla group with its base of operations near Cali.
No incidents were reported. — AFP
