On Jan 1, 2023, works from 1927 entered the US public domain. They include Virginia Woolf's 'To The Lighthouse' and the final Sherlock Holmes stories by Arthur Conan Doyle, the German science-fiction film 'Metropolis' and Alfred Hitchcock’s first thriller, and a novelty song about ice cream. Photo: Handout
Sherlock Holmes is finally free to the American public in 2023.
The long-running contested copyright dispute over Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's tales of a whipsmart detective – which has even ensnared Enola Holmes – has finally come to an end as the 1927 copyrights (expired Jan 1) include Conan Doyle's last Sherlock Holmes work.
Alongside the short-story collection The Case-Book Of Sherlock Holmes, books such as Virginia Woolf's To The Lighthouse, Ernest Hemingway's Men Without Women, William Faulkner's Mosquitoes and Agatha Christie's The Big Four – an Hercule Poirot mystery – have become public domain as the calendar turned to 2023.
Once a work enters the public domain it can legally be shared, performed, reused, repurposed or sampled without permission or cost. The works from 1927 were originally supposed to be copyrighted for 75 years, but the 1998 Copyright Term Extension Act delayed opening them up for an additional 20 years.
While many prominent works on the list used those extra two decades to earn their copyright holders good money, a Duke University expert says the copyright protections also applied to "all of the works whose commercial viability had long subsided.”
"For the vast majority-probably 99%-of works from 1927, no copyright holder financially benefited from continued copyright. Yet they remained off limits, for no good reason,” Jennifer Jenkins, director of Duke’s Center for the Study of the Public Domain, wrote in a blog post heralding "Public Domain Day 2023."
That long US copyright period meant many works that would now become available have long since been lost, because they were not profitable to maintain by the legal owners, but couldn’t be used by others. On the Duke list are such "lost” films like Victor Fleming's The Way Of All Flesh and Tod Browning's London After Midnight.
The year 1927 portended the silent film era's end with the release of the first "talkie” – a film with dialogue in it. That was The Jazz Singer, the historic first feature-length film with synchronised dialogue also notorious for Al Jolson's blackface performance.
In addition to the Alan Crosland-directed film, other movies like Wings – directed by William A. Wellman and the "outstanding production” winner at the very first Oscars – and Fritz Lang's seminal science-fiction classic Metropolis will enter the public domain.
Musical compositions – the music and lyrics found on sheet music, not the sound recordings – on the list include hits from Broadway musicals like Funny Face and jazz standards from the likes of legends like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington, in addition to Irving Berlin's Puttin' On The Ritz and (I Scream You Scream, We All Scream For) Ice Cream by Howard Johnson, Billy Moll and Robert A. King. – AP
Milne's 'Now We Are Six' is a classic in its own right, treasured by every new generation of readers. Photo: Handout
BUMPER LIST
In the United States, Duke's Center for the Public Domain highlighted notable books, movies and musical compositions entering the public domain – just a fraction of the thousands due to be unleashed in 2023.
BOOKS
The Gangs Of New York, by Herbert Asbury (original publication)Death Comes For The Archbishop, by Willa Cather
The Big Four, by Agatha Christie
The Tower Treasure, the first Hardy Boys mystery by the pseudonymous Franklin W. Dixon
The Case-Book Of Sherlock Holmes, by Arthur Conan Doyle
Copper Sun, by Countee Cullen
Mosquitoes, by William Faulkner
Men Without Women, by Ernest Hemingway
Der Steppenwolf, by Herman Hesse (in German)
Amerika, by Franz Kafka (in German)
Now We Are Six, by A.A. Milne with illustrations from E.H. Shepard
Le Temps Retrouve, by Marcel Proust (in French)
Twilight Sleep, by Edith Wharton
The Bridge Of San Luis Rey, by Thornton Wilder
To The Lighthouse, by Virginia Woolf
MOVIES
7th Heaven, directed by Frank Borzage
The Battle Of The Century, a Laurel and Hardy film directed by Clyde Bruckman
The Kid Brother, directed by Ted Wilde
The Jazz Singer, directed by Alan Crosland
The Lodger: A Story Of The London Fog, directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Metropolis, directed by Fritz Lang
Sunrise, directed by F.W. Murnau
Upstream, directed by John Ford
Wings, directed by William A. Wellman
MUSICAL COMPOSITIONS
Back Water Blues, Preaching The Blues and Foolish Man Blues (Bessie Smith)
The Best Things In Life Are Free, from the musical Good News (George Gard "Buddy” De Sylva, Lew Brown, Ray Henderson)
Billy Goat Stomp, Hyena Stomp and Jungle Blues (Ferdinand Joseph Morton)
Black And Tan Fantasy and East St Louis Toodle-O (Bub Miley, Duke Ellington)
Can’t Help Lovin’ Dat Man and Ol’ Man River, from the musical Show Boat (Oscar Hammerstein II, Jerome Kern)
Diane (Erno Rapee, Lew Pollack)
Funny Face and S Wonderful, from the musical Funny Face (Ira and George Gershwin)
(I Scream You Scream, We All Scream For) Ice Cream (Howard Johnson, Billy Moll, Robert A. King)
Mississippi Mud (Harry Barris, James Cavanaugh)
My Blue Heaven (George Whiting, Walter Donaldson)
Potato Head Blues and Gully Low Blues (Louis Armstrong)
Puttin’ On The Ritz (Irving Berlin)
Rusty Pail Blues, Sloppy Water Blues and Soothin’ Syrup Stomp (Thomas Waller)
