Can collectors key to recycling industry in Brazil

Aparecida de Souza walks through the streets of the Jardim Lapenna favela as she collects aluminium cans from the garbage in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Photos: Miguel Schincariol/AFP

Shirlei Aparecida de Souza uses her foot to crush the empty cold drink cans she collects in the alleys of a poor Sao Paulo neighbourhood: a precarious livelihood critical to Brazil's environmental protection goals.

It is thanks to about a million collectors like her that the country recycled as many aluminium cans as it produced for the first time in 2022, according to data from Recicla Latas, a recycling industry body.

Brazil is a world leader in recycling drinks cans: its new record beats out the European Union, which recycles 73%, and the United States with 60%, according to their own databases.

Recicla Latas says the country's recycling efforts have prevented about 16.5 million tonnes of planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions in the last 10 years.

But for Aparecida de Souza, collecting cans is a matter of survival. She gathers them off the street, from garbage cans or landfills, and sells them to collection centres that send the cans to recycling plants.

She earns about 20 real, or just over US$4 (RM18), a day: "Just enough to buy the necessities, a packet of rice, black beans and sometimes meat," the 38-year-old said.

With this, she supports five daughters in a working-class district of the largest metropolis in Latin America.

Employees inspect used cans on a conveyor belt at the Latasa Garimpeiro Urbano recycling company in Sao Paulo. Photos: Nelson Almeida/AFP

'Family tradition'

Dressed in flip-flops, a T-shirt and shorts, Aparecida de Souza leaves the house every day at dawn to collect as many cans as she can. It takes almost 70 black rubbish bags to make a kilogramme of aluminium, which sells for just over US$1 (RM4.5).

The work is a "family tradition", into which she was initiated by her mother from the age of 15, she said.

"Aluminium sells for a higher price than other materials such as cardboard, and it is lighter to carry."

Aline Sousa da Silva, an activist with the Ancat association representing collectors of recyclable materials, said there is "a lot of competition" in gathering cans, which can be reused indefinitely.

The recycling rate of other materials in Brazil is much lower than that for cans: about 4% on average.

In 2022, nearly 430,000 tonnes of cans were recycled, according to Renato Paquet, a director at Recicla Latas, whose data is used as a reference by the Brazilian government.

That is the equivalent of about 31.8 billion cans.

Aparecida de Souza crushes aluminium cans collected from the garbage at her home.

156 cans per person

Since 2010, when drinks manufacturers signed an agreement with Brazilian authorities, aluminium recycling numbers have skyrocketed in a country where each of its 200-odd million inhabitants consumes about 156 cans every year.

It takes "an average of 60 days" for a can bought in a supermarket to reappear on the shelves after recycling, according to Danilo Machado, logistics supervisor at the Latasa-Garimpeiro Urbano recycling company.

The industry adds some US$1.25bil (RM5.7bil) to the Brazilian economy every year. But those who form its backbone live mostly precarious lives with few social protections.

On Jan 1, they received a special honour at the inauguration of leftist leader Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, with Sousa da Silva among a group of activists chosen to present him with the presidential sash. – AFP Relaxnews