The sprouting of green shoots is a natural occurrence in white bucida trees. Photo: Handout
The sprouting of green shoots, even in hard-to-reach spots, is a natural occurrence in white bucida trees. This behaviour, known as epicormic growth, happens for several reasons.
Primarily, it is part of the tree’s natural growth and renewal process, which is especially vigorous in tropical climates like Malaysia, where favourable growing conditions persist year-round.
However, epicormic growth can also be triggered by environmental stressors, such as extreme weather, physical damage or improper pruning. In these situations, the tree produces new growth to compensate for perceived threats to its survival.
Hormonal changes within the tree also play a significant role. Pruning or damage can disrupt the balance between growth-inhibiting and growth- promoting hormones, stimulating dormant buds to sprout.
Moreover, when interior branches are suddenly exposed to more light due to pruning or loss of foliage, dormant buds may activate, leading to new shoot growth. While it is neither possible nor advisable to completely prevent this natural growth, you can manage it effectively.
Implementing a consistent pruning schedule helps maintain the tree’s desired shape and allows for the removal of unwanted shoots early, reducing the chances of growth in hard-to-reach areas. Ensuring that the tree receives adequate water and nutrients is crucial, as a healthy tree is less likely to produce stress-induced sprouts.
It is important to avoid excessive pruning, as this can paradoxically stimulate more sprouting. When pruning is necessary, use proper techniques and avoid removing more than 25% of the live crown (ie, the portion of the tree containing living branches and leaves) to prevent stress.
Address new shoots promptly while they are still small and manageable. For shoots in hard-to-reach spots, consider using long-handled pruning tools or seeking professional assistance.
Maintaining a fuller canopy helps shade the trunk and main branches, which can reduce the likelihood of epicormic sprouts in these areas.
However, keep in mind that some level of new shoot growth is normal and contributes to the tree’s overall health. The goal should be to manage, not eliminate, this growth to ensure both the tree’s health and its aesthetic appeal in your landscape.
Assoc Prof Dr Christopher Teh heads the Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. His field of specialty is in soil and water conservation. The views expressed are entirely his own.
