An old picture postcard of Penang's electric tram.
SATURDAY (Jan 11) marks a new chapter in Penang's history as Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim has just officiated the groundbreaking ceremony of Penang's much anticipated Mutiara Line Light Rail Transit (LRT).
However, what few fail to realise is that the island once had a rich tapestry of public transport options to serve its people.
Did Penang have a tram service in the past?
VERDICT:
TRUE
Penang indeed once boasted an impressive local transport system, as it was one of the first urban centres in Southeast Asia to operate not only steam trams but also horse-drawn trams, electric trams and trolleybuses.
The origins of Penang's mass transportation history can be traced back to the 1880s when a "Mr Gardiner" introduced the first recorded tramway and steam tram service to the island.
This service ran from Weld Quay jetty to Air Itam Road, with an additional branch extending to the Botanic Gardens.
Initially, the use of steam locomotives was considered innovative; however, due to safety concerns, they were soon replaced by horse-drawn trams.
In 1905, the horse-drawn trams were replaced by electric trams which saw much use until World War I which disrupted the supply of essential replacement parts and impacted their operation.
A picture postcard showing the tramlines near Weld Quay in Penang.
By 1925, technological advancements led to the introduction of trolleybuses, which began serving routes from Magazine Road to Weld Quay jetty via Chulia Street.
These trolleybuses were designed to accommodate a maximum of 24 passengers and became a staple of public transport in the area.
However, Penang's tram services faced increasing competition from private buses, colloquially known as "mosquito buses," which were known for their flexibility and speed.
Unlike the trams, these buses operated without strict schedules, offering a more convenient mode of transport for many commuters.
By 1951, George Town had developed a robust network of municipal trolley and motorbus services, connecting key locations such as Pulau Tikus, Bagan Jermal, Air Itam, and the foot of Penang Hill.
Despite efforts to enhance and expand the tram services, the mounting financial losses and the evolving transportation needs of the public eventually led to the phasing out of electric vehicles.
The last trolleybuses made their final runs along the Jelutong route on July 31, 1961, marking the end of an era.
By 1962, the remaining electric infrastructure was dismantled, leaving only remnants as a testament to Penang's rich history of public transport.
References:
1. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2006/03/29/glorious-days-of-penangs-trams/
