The increase in the minimum wage from RM1,500 to RM1,700, as announced in the Malaysian Budget 2025, carries significant implications for workers, producers, and the broader national economy.
While this rise is a positive development for workers, helping to alleviate poverty and enhance living standards, it presents challenges for producers who may encounter increased costs and for the economy, which could be susceptible to inflationary pressures.
Historically, the minimum wage in Malaysia has experienced substantial increases, first rising from RM1,200 to RM1,500, a 25% jump, and now further to RM1,700.
This represents a cumulative rise of 41.67%. The increase aims to provide workers with higher disposable incomes and potentially improve their living standards; however, it poses serious challenges for businesses, particularly small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
Higher labour costs could force businesses to raise prices, contributing to inflationary pressures and making it harder for them to remain competitive.
Wage hikes in Malaysia have often been linked to inflation. Following the RM1,500 minimum wage implementation in 2022, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose to 3.3%, up from 2.5% in 2021.
While inflation eased somewhat in 2023, food inflation remained a key contributor, potentially offsetting workers' wage gains. This trend illustrates that wage increases alone may not guarantee better living standards if inflation continues to erode purchasing power.
Moreover, rising inflation could diminish the real purchasing power of workers, negating the benefits of wage increases.
In developing countries, large minimum wage hikes often lead to unintended consequences, such as higher unemployment, reduced foreign worker dependency, and a shift of jobs from the formal to the informal sector.
For SMEs, which employ nearly half of Malaysia’s workforce, the financial strain from higher labour costs could lead to job losses and other economic challenges.
To mitigate these challenges, a phased approach to implementing the wage increase would allow businesses, particularly SMEs, to adjust their financial planning.
Additionally, financial assistance, such as tax incentives, subsidies, or low-interest loans, could help SMEs manage higher labour costs while investing in productivity-enhancing technologies.
Further, investment in workforce training programmes can help businesses improve productivity to offset wage increases.
The Malaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC) should continue leading initiatives aimed at enhancing productivity across industries to support the transition.
The effectiveness of this policy will depend on how well businesses, particularly SMEs, can adapt to the higher wages and whether the wage increase contributes to sustainable economic growth without causing significant inflation or job losses.
The government's proactive approach in implementing complementary policies, such as productivity-enhancing measures and support for SMEs, is crucial to mitigating the potential downsides of this wage hike.
DR MONNA ONG SIEW SIEW
MCA Public Policy and People’s Livelihood Research Advisory Committee chairman
